Hach QuikChem 8500 2 Series Operations

DOC022.97.80411

QuikChem

®

8500 Series 2

01/2016, Edition 2

Operations

Fonctionnement

Operaciones

操作

English..............................................................................................................................3

Français......................................................................................................................... 15

Español.......................................................................................................................... 28

中文................................................................................................................................. 41

2

Table of contents

General information on page 3 Calibrate on page 13

Omnion software installed on page 4 Shut down the system on page 13

Operation on page 4 Troubleshooting on page 14

General information

In no event will the manufacturer be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential

damages resulting from any defect or omission in this manual. The manufacturer reserves the right to

make changes in this manual and the products it describes at any time, without notice or obligation.

Revised editions are found on the manufacturer’s website.

Safety information

N O T I C E

The manufacturer is not responsible for any damages due to misapplication or misuse of this product including,

without limitation, direct, incidental and consequential damages, and disclaims such damages to the full extent

permitted under applicable law. The user is solely responsible to identify critical application risks and install

appropriate mechanisms to protect processes during a possible equipment malfunction.

Please read this entire manual before unpacking, setting up or operating this equipment. Pay

attention to all danger and caution statements. Failure to do so could result in serious injury to the

operator or damage to the equipment.

Make sure that the protection provided by this equipment is not impaired. Do not use or install this

equipment in any manner other than that specified in this manual.

Use of hazard information

D A N G E R

Indicates a potentially or imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

W A R N I N G

Indicates a potentially or imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious

injury.

C A U T I O N

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may result in minor or moderate injury.

N O T I C E

Indicates a situation which, if not avoided, may cause damage to the instrument. Information that requires special

emphasis.

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Precautionary labels

Read all labels and tags attached to the instrument. Personal injury or damage to the instrument

could occur if not observed. A symbol on the instrument is referenced in the manual with a

precautionary statement.

This symbol, if noted on the instrument, references the instruction manual for operation and/or safety

information.

Electrical equipment marked with this symbol may not be disposed of in European domestic or public

disposal systems. Return old or end-of-life equipment to the manufacturer for disposal at no charge to

the user.

This symbol indicates that a risk of electrical shock and/or electrocution exists.

This symbol indicates the need for protective eye wear.

This symbol indicates that the marked item can be hot and should not be touched without care.

This symbol, when noted on the product, identifies the location of a fuse or current limiting device.

This symbol indicates that the object is heavy.

Omnion software installed

This instrument is used with the Omnion software installed on the computer. For specific information,

refer to the Omnion documentation.

Operation

Operation overview

W A R N I N G

Chemical exposure hazard. Obey laboratory safety procedures and wear all of the personal protective

equipment appropriate to the chemicals that are handled. Refer to the current safety data sheets

(MSDS/SDS) for safety protocols.

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W A R N I N G

Fire hazard. The user is responsible to make sure that sufficient precautions are taken when the

equipment is used with methods that use flammable liquids. Make sure to obey correct user

precautions and safety protocols. This includes, but is not limited to, spill and leak controls, proper

ventilation, no unattended use, and that the instrument is never left unattended while power is applied.

The QuikChem

®

System automatically does wet chemical determinations with the principle of Flow

Injection Analysis. The pump pulls the sample from the sampler and to the injection valve. At the

same time, reagents are continuously pumped through the system. The sample is loaded in the

sample loop of one or more injection valves. The injection valve then connects the sample loop in

line with the carrier stream. This moves the sample out of the sample loop and on the manifold.

The sample and reagents then come together in the manifold (reaction module) where the sample

can be diluted, concentrated, dialyzed, extracted, incubated and derivatized. Mixing occurs in the

narrow bore tubing under laminar flow conditions. For each method, the operating parameters are

optimized to give high sample throughput, high precision and high accuracy. The FIA peaks are

transient and show the non-steady state conditions normally used. In FIA, there is usually no

equilibrium.

Manifold diagram and symbols

Figure 1 shows an example of a manifold diagram for the analyzer. The manifold diagram can show

a back pressure loop. Refer to the maintenance and troubleshooting manual for more information.

Figure 1 Manifold diagram

1 Sample (green) 7 Reagent connection to manifold

2 Carrier solution 8 Probe rinse

3 Pump flow 9 Flow cell

4 Probe wash 10 To waste

5 Reagent 11 To port 6 of the next valve or waste

6 Reagent 12 Pump

Mixing coil symbol

The number next to the mixing coil symbol shows the length of the coil support. The length of the coil

support is measured from hole to hole. Mixing coils typically have a 0.8 mm ID Teflon tubing that

winds around a coil support. The length of Teflon tubing to wind on the coil support is given in each

QuikChem method. Refer to Figure 2.

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Figure 2 Mixing coil symbol

Injection valve symbols

Refer to Figure 3. The injection valve is on the left side of every channel of the system unit. The

numbers around the hexagon show the six ports on the valve. The zig-zag or the coil symbols show

the sample loops. The sample loop tubing is connected between ports 1 and 4. The length of this

tubing is shown on the manifold diagram. Refer to the QuikChem method. The lines that come out of

the hexagon are the Teflon tubing connected to the valve ports.

Figure 3 Injection valve symbols

1 Primary 2 Secondary

Pump and pump flow symbols

Figure 4 shows the reagent pump. The top arrow shows the pump flow direction. The line below this

refers to the rinse water line attached to the wash reservoir in the sampler. The wash line is

connected to the bottom nipple of the wash reservoir.

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Figure 4 Pump and pump flow symbols

1 Sample (green or purple) 4 To wash bath fill

2 Carrier 5 Color reagent

3 From water pump tube 6 Pump tube (color)

Reagent line representation

The reagents and sample lines are shown by a straight line that goes across the rectangle. Refer to

Figure 5. The specified color is the color of the pump tube tabs to use for that line. All pump tubes

have different color tabs on each side to show the inner diameter of that tubing. The reagent tubing

has a label that shows the solution that goes through them. The carrier tubing is always connected to

port 2 of the valve. The sample tubing is always connected to port 6 of the valve.

Figure 5 Reagent line representation

1 Sample (green) 3 Pump tube (color)

2 Carrier 4 Color reagent

Tee connector symbol

Every intersection of two reagent tubes shows a tee connector. Refer to Figure 6. Tee connectors

mix two reagents. The tee has three ports. Two side ports (inlets) are connected to two reagent

tubes. The top port (outlet) can be connected to a mixing coil or an item shown in the manifold

diagram.

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Figure 6 Tee connectors symbols

1 Tee connector fitting 3 Alternate symbol

2 Tee connector symbol

Heater block symbol

Figure 7 shows a heater block installed on the system unit. Set the heater at the temperature

specified in the diagram (60 °C (140 °F) in the example). The QuikChem method shows the length of

tubing to wind on the heater block.

Figure 7 Heater block symbols

Injection valve operation

The valve has a stator and a rotor. Refer to Figure 8. The rotor has three pathways. The liquid moves

through the pathways. The alignment of the pathways with the ports on the stator control the

direction in which the liquid flows through the valve. Refer to Table 1 for the ports on the six-port

injection valve. The injection valve has two positions: the inject position and the load position. Refer

to Inject position on page 9 and Load position on page 9. The valve moves bi-directionally

between those two positions. When the system is not in operation, the valves stay in the inject

position.

Figure 8 Stator and rotor

1 Stator 2 Rotor

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Table 1 Port connections

Port connection Description

Sample tubing The sample moves from the sampler or the sample probe to port 6 on the injection valve.

Sample loop There is tubing between ports 1 and 4. The sample loop finds the volume of sample to be put

on the manifold for analysis.

Carrier tubing The carrier is an artificial blank solution that will move the sample on the manifold. The carrier

tubing input is always connected to port 2. The carrier solution and the carrier tubing to be

used for an analysis are specified in the QuikChem method.

Manifold The carrier stream exits the valve at port 3 and flows to the manifold.

Waste tubing When only one channel operates, the waste tubing is connected to port 5 on the injection

valve. When two or more channels operate simultaneously, port 5 of the first injection valve is

connected to port 6 of the second injection valve. Port 5 of the second injection valve is

connected to waste or to the next valve in the series. The connection between ports 5 and

6 have 15 cm Teflon

®

tubing 0.8 mm ID.

Inject position

At the inject position, the carrier flows through the sample loop to the manifold. When the valve

moves to the load position, some of the carrier is caught in the sample loop. The carrier that is

caught in the sample loop at the inject position is moved out to waste by the sample stream. The

sample stream moves through the sample loop and goes to waste.

When the valve is back in the inject position, the carrier stream flows to port 2, then to port 1 and

through the sample loop. The carrier moves the sample out through port 3 and to the manifold. The

sample stream goes in port 6 and out of port 5 to waste. Refer to Figure 9.

Figure 9 Inject position

1 Waste tubing/next valve 4 Carrier line in

2 Sample in from sampler or adjacent valve 5 Flow to manifold

3 Sample loop

Load position

At the load position, the sample loop is filled with sample. When the valve moves back to the inject

position, the sample that flows through the sample loop is caught momentarily.

The sample volume can be calculated from the length and the inner diameter of the tubing used. The

sample is moved on the manifold by carrier for reaction and analysis. Refer to Figure 10.

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Figure 10 Load position

1 Waste tubing/next valve 4 Carrier tubing

2 Sample in from sampler or adjacent valve 5 Flow to manifold

3 Sample loop

Start up the system unit

Connect all the modules of the system to a power strip. Do not set the pump to on until the

instrument is ready to operate.

1. Set the power strip to on. Then set each individual module switch to on.

Note: A 6-second delay occurs from the power circuits for the instrument to start up. At this time, a beeping

sound is audible.

The sampler automatically completes an operation check. The probe moves over the wash bath

or directly above the wash reservoir. When the sampler is initialized through the sampler

configuration screen or when a run is started, the probe goes in the wash reservoir.

2. Look through the side panel on the system unit to see if the lamp is on. The lamp comes on in

about one minute. The delay lengthens for the life span of the lamp. The heater controllers shows

the current temperature of the blocks.

3. Start the software to make sure that the software is connected to the system unit. A dialog box

shows 'Connecting to System unit(s)'. If the setup was done, the dialog box goes away.

Note: If the connection is not made correctly, a dialog box shows a message that system unit A is not found.

Make the connections and click OK.

Prepare the instrument for analysis

When the system start up is done, prepare the instrument for analysis. Refer to Start up the system

unit on page 10.

1. Make sure to use a special detector for the analysis. A photometric detector module is necessary

for most QuikChem methods.

Note: The Ion Chromatography (IC) channel (optional) typically uses a conductivity module instead of a

photometric detector module.

2. Install the manifold on the channel that will do the analysis. For the manifold installation, refer to

the installation manual.

3. Make all the injection valve fluidic connections. Refer to Injection valve operation on page 8.

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4. Make all the flow cell fluidic connections to the detector.

5. Set all the pump tubes on the pump. The number of pump tubes varies from method to method,

but the sample tube and wash tube (for the sampler) must be used for analysis.

6. Flush deionized water through all the tubes to make sure that there are no leaks. When a column

is necessary (e.g., for a nitrate analysis or other method), make sure that the column is offline.

Remove the flow cell from the detector and look for leaks. If no leaks are found, put the reagents

online.

Note: Make sure to read the QuikChem method notes for the startup of specific methods.

7. Set the heater controller temperature in the Omnion software under the Analyte tab. Refer to the

QuikChem method for temperature settings. Refer to the online help for heater configuration

information.

8. If the system has a dilutor, install the diluent line E in the diluent (i.e., deionized water). Put the

empty test tubes in the empty tubes rack.

9. Pour the calibration standards in the standard vials. Pour some samples in the test tubes.

10. Open a 'run worksheet' or open a new worksheet. The information in the worksheet (standards

and samples) tells the instrument what analysis to do and starts the analysis. Refer to Calibrate

on page 13.

Operate the pump

To use new pump tubing for the first time, operate the pump 10 minutes to get constant flow rates.

Table 2 shows the functions of each button on the pump.

1. Put all the reagent tubing in the corresponding containers or deionized water.

2. Before a reagent is used, flush deionized water through all of the lines to find leaks.

3. If the manifold has a cadmium column, make sure that it is bypassed. Water and air will cause

damage to the cadmium column.

Note: For some methods, it is necessary to move some reagents first. For example, the TKN method has a

buffer solution that must flow first to prevent a white precipitate in the manifold tubing. Refer to the QuikChem

method for instructions.

Table 2 RP-150 pump button functions

Button Function

MIN Sets the pump speed to 4.

MAX Sets the speed to a maximum of 999. The button must be kept pushed to keep the

maximum speed.

Note: If this button is pushed too long, the pump will stop to prevent motor burn out.

NORMAL RUN Normal operation starts the pump and lets the remote control of the pump standby speed as

given by the Omnion software at the end of an operation or batch. The pump operates at the

shown speed. Normal speed is 35. Use the UP and DOWN arrows to change this setting.

If the Omnion software is set to Standby speed, the pump operates very slowly and the

display shows 'rc 3' (remote control speed 3).

MANUAL

RUN/STOP

Manual operation lets the pump override the remote control of the standby speed. This

button toggles between manual speed control and manual stop. If the pump operates, this

button always stops the pump. If the pump does not operate, this button still overrides the

remote control from the computer and runs the pump at the set speed.

The MANUAL RUN button is commonly used to make the pump go to the normal speed to

fill the tubing with reagents.

UP arrow Increases the pump speed setting. This button is not on in the MIN or MAX modes.

DOWN arrow Decreases the pump speed setting. This button is not on in the MIN or MAX modes.

Shut down the pump

Do the steps that follow to shut down the system after an operation and/or end of the day.

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1. Rinse the reagent lines with deionized water.

2. Push the MANUAL RUN/STOP button to stop the pump.

3. Set the green power switch or the power strip to off.

4. Release all the cartridges. If the pump tubes pushed down for more than a few minutes, it causes

the tubing to become flat and must be replaced.

5. Push on the cartridge holder until the pump tube cartridge is released from the pump. The pump

tube can stay on the cartridges. The tension lever has no effect on the pump tube when the

cartridge is not pushed down.

Prepare a universal dye

To examine the operation of the system, operate the tests with the universal dye instead of reagents.

Make sure that the universal dye that comes with the system has been diluted with the directions on

the label.

Note: The dye will not be found with the 880 nm filter.

Temperature controller

Refer to the Omnion software to set the heater properties with the operating temperature (set-point),

when to send the set-point to the heater element and post-run set-point. The temperature can be

seen real-time in the software and from the controller on the heater assembly. Refer to the Omnion

help file for more information.

Note: Always set the run and the post-run temperature in the Omnion software.

Prepare the dilutor

For systems that use the PDS200 dilutor, make sure to put the diluent line in the diluent (usually

deionized water). All triggered dilutions will be completed at the end of the tray run. All necessary

dilutions will be completed at the time the sample is in the tray run sequence.

Triggered dilutions: The instrument recognizes a sample that is over the concentration range of the

method. The default limit is 10% over the are of the highest concentration standard. Above this limit,

the dilutor automatically dilutes all over-range samples. This feature must be selected in the analyte

table in the Omnion software.

Requested dilutions: Set the dilution factor for a specific sample. This factor is specified by the Run

Worksheet. Refer to the Omnion help guide for more information.

Note: Requested dilutions can be used to make calibration standards from a stock standard. Make sure that the

tray includes all the calibration standards. Use the same cup number for all of them (e.g., cup 15). Put the stock

standard in that cup (e.g., 15). Show the dilution factor for each calibration standard accordingly.

The dilutor system uses an empty tubes rack to complete dilutions. The ASX-520 series sampler has

the fourth rack that is reserved for empty tubes.

Set the valve timing

Make sure that the valve timing is set correctly. Valve timing that is not correct can result in the

absence of peaks, presence of air spikes or very small inaccurate peaks. Set the cycle period

parameter as specified in the QuikChem method. When multiple methods are operated

simultaneously, use the longest cycle period in the QuikChem method. Do the steps that follow to

make sure that the valve timing is correct.

Note: The “Time to Valve” value of channels 2 and higher is measured from when the probe that reaches the dye,

through all previous sample loops until it arrives at port 6 of the channel. A “Time to Valve” value must be entered

for all channels that are used.

1. Put in the universal dye as the sample.

2. Look at the sample slug and record the amount of time for it to get through the test tube and to

port 6. Record the time when the sample probe goes in the test tube.

3. Record the time when the dye reaches port 6 at the valve that is measured. This time is called

"Time to Valve".

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Set the sampler timing

When possible, set the sampler timing at the values specified in the Lachat method. Do the steps

that follow when less sample is necessary for the analysis.

1. Decrease the sample period.

2. Examine the new Run Timing setting with dye. Refer to Prepare a universal dye on page 12.

If either of these conditions occur, the computer will show an error message:

• The Sample Period plus Minimum Probe in Wash Period is longer than the Method Cycle

Period

• The Load plus Injection Period is longer than the Method Cycle Period

Calibrate

After the manifold installation, refer to the QuikChem method for the calibration details.

1. Set the power to on. Make sure that all system components are set to on.

2. Open the Omnion software.

3. Open a run file.

4. Prepare the reagents.

5. Install the manifold.

6. Flush deionized water through the manifold.

7. Look for leaks on the system. If no leaks are found, operate the system with reagents.

8. Prepare the calibration standards.

9. Install the calibration standards and the samples on the sampler.

10. Prepare the concentration in Run properties>Samples.

11. Start the run with the calibration standards and samples.

12. After the analysis is complete, print/export the report. For print options, refer to the online help.

13. Start the shutdown procedure to rinse the system. Refer to Shut down the system on page 13.

Shut down the system

1. To use a manifold with a column, such as the cadmium column for nitrate, make the column

offline. Set the switching valve to the bypass position. If the manifold has a column, but does not

have a switching valve, set the pump power to off and replace the column with a piece of Teflon

tubing. Start the pump.

Note: Some methods make it necessary for some reagents (typically, the buffer) to be removed last. Look at

the QuikChem method for instructions.

2. Remove the reagent tubing from each reagent and rinse the tubing and glass weights. Keep the

lines and weights in rinse solutions.

3. If the QuikChem method recommends a rinse solution, install all reagent transmission tubing in

the solution and operate the pump for five minutes at standard speed.

Note: This is a critical step in the preventive maintenance of the manifolds.

4. Install the transmission tubing in deionized water and let the system rinse for 10 minutes at

standard speed.

5. If the manifold will not be used for more than three days or it is removed and kept in storage:

a. Remove the transmission tubing from the deionized water.

b. Use the pump to remove all liquid from the manifold.

6. Set the power to the pump to off. Release the pump tube cartridges.

7. Close all files on the computer.

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8. Set the power to the power strip to off.

Note: If a lower set-point temperature is not given in the software, the heater controller stays at the original set

temperature. If the method makes it necessary for a temperature higher than 60 ºC (140 ºF), lower the

temperature setting to 60 ºC (140 ºF) or less before power is removed from the system.

Troubleshooting

Do a pump test

Do the steps that follow to make sure that the pump speed is correct.

1. Use an accurate watch or chronometer to measure the time for the pump to make 10 revolutions.

2. Remove all pump cartridges from the pump. Look for the index marks as shown in Figure 11.

Index marks let the pump revolutions be counted. Manually move the rollers to find the index

mark on the roller mounting. If either mark is hard to read, make new index marks with a marker.

3. Attach a new green-green pump tubing. Make sure that the tension lever is set correctly at the

12 o'clock (vertical) position.

4. Set the pump power to on. Push NORMAL RUN. The display must show a speed of 35 to

continue this test. If the display shows anything else, refer to the installation manual.

5. Use an accurate watch or chronometer to measure the time for the pump to make 10 revolutions.

Make sure the time is 50 seconds ±1 second.

6. If the recorded time is less than 49 seconds or more than 51 seconds, contact technical support

or a local sales representative for assistance.

Figure 11 Index marks on the pump

1 Index mark that turns with the rollers 2 Stationary index mark

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Table des matières

Généralités à la page 15 Etalonnage à la page 26

Logiciel Omnion installé à la page 16 Mise hors tension du système à la page 26

Fonctionnement à la page 16 Dépannage à la page 26

Généralités

En aucun cas le constructeur ne saurait être responsable des dommages directs, indirects, spéciaux,

accessoires ou consécutifs résultant d'un défaut ou d'une omission dans ce manuel. Le constructeur

se réserve le droit d'apporter des modifications à ce manuel et aux produits décrits à tout moment,

sans avertissement ni obligation. Les éditions révisées se trouvent sur le site Internet du fabricant.

Consignes de sécurité

A V I S

Le fabricant décline toute responsabilité quant aux dégâts liés à une application ou un usage inappropriés de ce

produit, y compris, sans toutefois s'y limiter, des dommages directs ou indirects, ainsi que des dommages

consécutifs, et rejette toute responsabilité quant à ces dommages dans la mesure où la loi applicable le permet.

L'utilisateur est seul responsable de la vérification des risques d'application critiques et de la mise en place de

mécanismes de protection des processus en cas de défaillance de l'équipement.

Veuillez lire l'ensemble du manuel avant le déballage, la configuration ou la mise en fonctionnement

de cet appareil. Respectez toutes les déclarations de prudence et d'attention. Le non-respect de

cette procédure peut conduire à des blessures graves de l'opérateur ou à des dégâts sur le matériel.

Assurez-vous que la protection fournie avec cet appareil n'est pas défaillante. N'utilisez ni n'installez

cet appareil d'une façon différente de celle décrite dans ce manuel.

Interprétation des indications de risques

D A N G E R

Indique une situation de danger potentiel ou imminent qui, si elle n'est pas évitée, entraîne des blessures graves,

voire mortelles.

A V E R T I S S E M E N T

Indique une situation de danger potentiel ou imminent qui, si elle n'est pas évitée, peut entraîner des blessures

graves, voire mortelles.

A T T E N T I O N

Indique une situation de danger potentiel qui peut entraîner des blessures mineures ou légères.

A V I S

Indique une situation qui, si elle n'est pas évitée, peut occasionner l'endommagement du matériel. Informations

nécessitant une attention particulière.

Etiquettes de mise en garde

Lisez toutes les informations et toutes les étiquettes apposées sur l’appareil. Des personnes peuvent

se blesser et le matériel peut être endommagé si ces instructions ne sont pas respectées. Un

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symbole sur l'appareil est référencé dans le manuel et accompagné d'une déclaration de mise en

garde.

Si l'appareil comporte ce symbole, reportez-vous au manuel d'utilisation pour consulter les

informations de fonctionnement et de sécurité.

Le matériel électrique portant ce symbole ne doit pas être mis au rebut dans les réseaux domestiques

ou publics européens. Retournez le matériel usé ou en fin de vie au fabricant pour une mise au rebut

sans frais pour l'utilisateur.

Ce symbole indique qu'il existe un risque de choc électrique et/ou d'électrocution.

Ce symbole indique la nécessité de porter des lunettes de protection.

Ce symbole indique que l’élément signalé peut être chaud et que des précautions doivent être prises

avant de le toucher.

Ce symbole, sil figure sur le produit, indique l’emplacement d’un fusible ou d'un dispositif limiteur de

courant.

Ce symbole signale que l’objet est lourd.

Logiciel Omnion installé

L'instrument fonctionne avec le logiciel Omnion installé sur l'ordinateur. Pour en savoir plus,

reportez-vous à la documentation de Omnion.

Fonctionnement

Vue d'ensemble du fonctionnement

A V E R T I S S E M E N T

Risque d'exposition chimique. Respectez les procédures de sécurité du laboratoire et portez tous les

équipements de protection personnelle adaptés aux produits chimiques que vous manipulez. Consultez

les fiches de données de sécurité (MSDS/SDS) à jour pour connaître les protocoles de sécurité

applicables.

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A V E R T I S S E M E N T

Risque d’incendie. L'utilisateur doit s'assurer de prendre les précautions nécessaires lors de l'utilisation

de l'équipement avec des méthodes impliquant des liquides inflammables. Veillez à respecter les

précautions d'utilisation et les protocoles de sécurité adéquats. Cela inclut, sans y être limité, le

contrôle de tout déversement et de toute fuite, une ventilation appropriée, une utilisation contrôlée et la

surveillance continue de l'instrument lorsqu'il est sous tension.

Le système QuikChem

®

automatise des déterminations chimiques humides utilisant le principe de

l'analyse d'injection en écoulement. La pompe extrait l'échantillon de l'échantillonneur et envoie

l'échantillon à la valve d'injection. Parallèlement, des réactifs sont continuellement acheminés dans

le système. L'échantillon est chargé dans la boucle d'échantillon d'une ou de plusieurs valves

d'injection. La valve d'injection connecte ensuite la boucle d'échantillon en correspondance avec le

flux de la solution conductrice. Ceci a pour conséquence de chasser l'échantillon de la boucle

d'échantillon et de l'amener vers le collecteur.

L'échantillon et les réactifs se mélangent alors dans le collecteur (module de réaction) où

l'échantillon peut être dilué, concentré, dialysé, extrait, incubé et transformé en produits dérivés. Le

mélange se fait au niveau du tube mince principal dans des conditions d'écoulement laminaire. Pour

chaque méthode, les paramètres de fonctionnement sont optimisés pour atteindre un débit élevé

d'échantillon, une haute précision et une grande exactitude. Les pics de l'analyse d'injection en

écoulement sont transitoires, ils reflètent les conditions en régime variable normalement utilisées.

Dans une analyse d'injection en écoulement, il n'y a en général pas d'équilibre.

Diagramme et symboles du collecteur

Figure 1 montre un exemple de diagramme de collecteur pour l'analyseur. Le diagramme de

collecteur peut indiquer une boucle de contre-pression. Pour plus d'informations, consultez le manuel

de maintenance et de dépannage.

Figure 1 Diagramme de collecteur

1 Echantillon (vert) 7 Raccordement du réactif au collecteur

2 Solution conductrice 8 Rinçage de sonde

3 Débit de pompe 9 Cellule d'écoulement

4 Nettoyage de la sonde 10 A la ligne d'évacuation

5 Réactif 11 Vers le port 6 de la valve suivante ou vers la ligne

d'évacuation

6 Réactif 12 Pompe

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Symbole de bobine de mélange

Le nombre à côté du symbole de bobine de mélange indique la longueur du support de bobine. La

longueur du support de bobine est mesurée de trou à trou. Les bobines de mélange sont en général

composées d'un tube en Teflon de 0,8 mm D.I. qui s'enroule autour du support de bobine. La

longueur du tube en Teflon à enrouler autour du support de bobine est spécifiée dans la méthode

QuikChem. Voir Figure 2.

Figure 2 Symbole de bobine de mélange

Symboles de valve d'injection

Voir Figure 3. La valve d'injection est située sur le côté gauche de chaque canal de l'unité de

système. Les numéros autour de l'hexagone indiquent les six ports de la valve. Le symbole en

zigzag ou le symbole de bobine indiquent les boucles d'échantillon. Le tube de boucle d'échantillon

est connecté entre les ports 1 et 4. La longueur de ce tube est spécifiée dans le diagramme du

collecteur. Consultez la méthode QuikChem. Les lignes sortant de l'hexagone représentent le tube

en Teflon connecté aux ports de la valve.

Figure 3 Symboles de valve d'injection

1 Primaire 2 Secondaire

Pompe et symboles d'écoulement de pompe

Figure 4 représente la pompe à réactif. La flèche supérieure indique le sens d'écoulement de pompe.

La ligne en dessous indique la ligne d'eau de rinçage reliée au réservoir de lavage dans

l'échantillonneur. La ligne de lavage est raccordée au raccord inférieur du réservoir de lavage.

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Figure 4 Pompe et symboles d'écoulement de pompe

1 Echantillon (vert ou violet) 4 Vers le remplissage du bain de lavage

2 Solution conductrice 5 Réactif couleur

3 Du tube de la pompe à eau 6 Tube de pompe (couleur)

Représentation de la ligne de réactif

Les réactifs et les lignes d'échantillon sont indiqués par une ligne droite traversant le rectangle. Voir

Figure 5. La couleur spécifiée est la couleur des languettes de tube de pompe à utiliser pour cette

ligne. Tous les tubes de pompe ont des onglets de couleur différente sur chaque côté pour indiquer

le diamètre interne du tuyau en question. Les tubes de réactif ont une étiquette indiquant la solution

qui les traverse. Le tube de solution conductrice est toujours connecté au port 2 de la valve. Le tube

d'échantillon est toujours connecté au port 6 de la valve.

Figure 5 Représentation de la ligne de réactif

1 Echantillon (vert) 3 Tube de pompe (couleur)

2 Solution conductrice 4 Réactif couleur

Symbole de raccord en T

Chaque intersection de deux tubes de réactifs présente un raccord en T. Voir Figure 6. Les raccords

en T combinent deux réactifs. Le raccord en T est composé de trois ports. Deux ports latéraux

(arrivées) sont connectés à deux tuyaux de réactif. Le port supérieur (sortie) peut être connecté à

une bobine de mélange ou à un élément indiqué dans le diagramme du collecteur.

Français

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Figure 6 Symboles de raccord en T

1 Raccord en T 3 Symbole alternatif

2 Symbole de raccord en T

Symbole du bloc chauffant

Figure 7 indique qu'un bloc chauffant est monté sur l'unité de système. Réglez l'élément chauffant à

la température spécifiée dans le diagramme (60 °C dans l'exemple). La méthode QuikChem indique

la longueur de tube à enrouler autour du bloc chauffant.

Figure 7 Symboles du bloc chauffant

Fonctionnement de la valve d'injection

La valve se compose d'un stator et d'un rotor. Voir Figure 8. Le rotor présente trois voies. Le liquide

se déplace dans les voies. L'alignement des voies avec les ports sur le stator régule la direction de la

circulation du fluide dans la valve. Voir Tableau 1 pour les ports sur la valve d'injection à six ports. La

valve d'injection présente deux positions : injection et charge. Voir Position d'injection à la page 21

et Position de charge à la page 22. La valve se déplace de façon bidirectionnelle entre ces deux

positions. Lorsque le système n'est pas en fonction, les valves restent en position d'injection.

Figure 8 Stator et rotor

1 Stator 2 rotor

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Hach QuikChem 8500 2 Series Operations

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