Hach QuikChem 8500 2 Series Operations

Taper
Operations
DOC022.97.80411
QuikChem
®
8500 Series 2
01/2016, Edition 2
Operations
Fonctionnement
Operaciones
操作
English..............................................................................................................................3
Français......................................................................................................................... 15
Español.......................................................................................................................... 28
中文................................................................................................................................. 41
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Table of contents
General information on page 3 Calibrate on page 13
Omnion software installed on page 4 Shut down the system on page 13
Operation on page 4 Troubleshooting on page 14
General information
In no event will the manufacturer be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential
damages resulting from any defect or omission in this manual. The manufacturer reserves the right to
make changes in this manual and the products it describes at any time, without notice or obligation.
Revised editions are found on the manufacturer’s website.
Safety information
N O T I C E
The manufacturer is not responsible for any damages due to misapplication or misuse of this product including,
without limitation, direct, incidental and consequential damages, and disclaims such damages to the full extent
permitted under applicable law. The user is solely responsible to identify critical application risks and install
appropriate mechanisms to protect processes during a possible equipment malfunction.
Please read this entire manual before unpacking, setting up or operating this equipment. Pay
attention to all danger and caution statements. Failure to do so could result in serious injury to the
operator or damage to the equipment.
Make sure that the protection provided by this equipment is not impaired. Do not use or install this
equipment in any manner other than that specified in this manual.
Use of hazard information
D A N G E R
Indicates a potentially or imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
W A R N I N G
Indicates a potentially or imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious
injury.
C A U T I O N
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may result in minor or moderate injury.
N O T I C E
Indicates a situation which, if not avoided, may cause damage to the instrument. Information that requires special
emphasis.
English 3
Precautionary labels
Read all labels and tags attached to the instrument. Personal injury or damage to the instrument
could occur if not observed. A symbol on the instrument is referenced in the manual with a
precautionary statement.
This symbol, if noted on the instrument, references the instruction manual for operation and/or safety
information.
Electrical equipment marked with this symbol may not be disposed of in European domestic or public
disposal systems. Return old or end-of-life equipment to the manufacturer for disposal at no charge to
the user.
This symbol indicates that a risk of electrical shock and/or electrocution exists.
This symbol indicates the need for protective eye wear.
This symbol indicates that the marked item can be hot and should not be touched without care.
This symbol, when noted on the product, identifies the location of a fuse or current limiting device.
This symbol indicates that the object is heavy.
Omnion software installed
This instrument is used with the Omnion software installed on the computer. For specific information,
refer to the Omnion documentation.
Operation
Operation overview
W A R N I N G
Chemical exposure hazard. Obey laboratory safety procedures and wear all of the personal protective
equipment appropriate to the chemicals that are handled. Refer to the current safety data sheets
(MSDS/SDS) for safety protocols.
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W A R N I N G
Fire hazard. The user is responsible to make sure that sufficient precautions are taken when the
equipment is used with methods that use flammable liquids. Make sure to obey correct user
precautions and safety protocols. This includes, but is not limited to, spill and leak controls, proper
ventilation, no unattended use, and that the instrument is never left unattended while power is applied.
The QuikChem
®
System automatically does wet chemical determinations with the principle of Flow
Injection Analysis. The pump pulls the sample from the sampler and to the injection valve. At the
same time, reagents are continuously pumped through the system. The sample is loaded in the
sample loop of one or more injection valves. The injection valve then connects the sample loop in
line with the carrier stream. This moves the sample out of the sample loop and on the manifold.
The sample and reagents then come together in the manifold (reaction module) where the sample
can be diluted, concentrated, dialyzed, extracted, incubated and derivatized. Mixing occurs in the
narrow bore tubing under laminar flow conditions. For each method, the operating parameters are
optimized to give high sample throughput, high precision and high accuracy. The FIA peaks are
transient and show the non-steady state conditions normally used. In FIA, there is usually no
equilibrium.
Manifold diagram and symbols
Figure 1 shows an example of a manifold diagram for the analyzer. The manifold diagram can show
a back pressure loop. Refer to the maintenance and troubleshooting manual for more information.
Figure 1 Manifold diagram
1 Sample (green) 7 Reagent connection to manifold
2 Carrier solution 8 Probe rinse
3 Pump flow 9 Flow cell
4 Probe wash 10 To waste
5 Reagent 11 To port 6 of the next valve or waste
6 Reagent 12 Pump
Mixing coil symbol
The number next to the mixing coil symbol shows the length of the coil support. The length of the coil
support is measured from hole to hole. Mixing coils typically have a 0.8 mm ID Teflon tubing that
winds around a coil support. The length of Teflon tubing to wind on the coil support is given in each
QuikChem method. Refer to Figure 2.
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Figure 2 Mixing coil symbol
Injection valve symbols
Refer to Figure 3. The injection valve is on the left side of every channel of the system unit. The
numbers around the hexagon show the six ports on the valve. The zig-zag or the coil symbols show
the sample loops. The sample loop tubing is connected between ports 1 and 4. The length of this
tubing is shown on the manifold diagram. Refer to the QuikChem method. The lines that come out of
the hexagon are the Teflon tubing connected to the valve ports.
Figure 3 Injection valve symbols
1 Primary 2 Secondary
Pump and pump flow symbols
Figure 4 shows the reagent pump. The top arrow shows the pump flow direction. The line below this
refers to the rinse water line attached to the wash reservoir in the sampler. The wash line is
connected to the bottom nipple of the wash reservoir.
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Figure 4 Pump and pump flow symbols
1 Sample (green or purple) 4 To wash bath fill
2 Carrier 5 Color reagent
3 From water pump tube 6 Pump tube (color)
Reagent line representation
The reagents and sample lines are shown by a straight line that goes across the rectangle. Refer to
Figure 5. The specified color is the color of the pump tube tabs to use for that line. All pump tubes
have different color tabs on each side to show the inner diameter of that tubing. The reagent tubing
has a label that shows the solution that goes through them. The carrier tubing is always connected to
port 2 of the valve. The sample tubing is always connected to port 6 of the valve.
Figure 5 Reagent line representation
1 Sample (green) 3 Pump tube (color)
2 Carrier 4 Color reagent
Tee connector symbol
Every intersection of two reagent tubes shows a tee connector. Refer to Figure 6. Tee connectors
mix two reagents. The tee has three ports. Two side ports (inlets) are connected to two reagent
tubes. The top port (outlet) can be connected to a mixing coil or an item shown in the manifold
diagram.
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Figure 6 Tee connectors symbols
1 Tee connector fitting 3 Alternate symbol
2 Tee connector symbol
Heater block symbol
Figure 7 shows a heater block installed on the system unit. Set the heater at the temperature
specified in the diagram (60 °C (140 °F) in the example). The QuikChem method shows the length of
tubing to wind on the heater block.
Figure 7 Heater block symbols
Injection valve operation
The valve has a stator and a rotor. Refer to Figure 8. The rotor has three pathways. The liquid moves
through the pathways. The alignment of the pathways with the ports on the stator control the
direction in which the liquid flows through the valve. Refer to Table 1 for the ports on the six-port
injection valve. The injection valve has two positions: the inject position and the load position. Refer
to Inject position on page 9 and Load position on page 9. The valve moves bi-directionally
between those two positions. When the system is not in operation, the valves stay in the inject
position.
Figure 8 Stator and rotor
1 Stator 2 Rotor
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Table 1 Port connections
Port connection Description
Sample tubing The sample moves from the sampler or the sample probe to port 6 on the injection valve.
Sample loop There is tubing between ports 1 and 4. The sample loop finds the volume of sample to be put
on the manifold for analysis.
Carrier tubing The carrier is an artificial blank solution that will move the sample on the manifold. The carrier
tubing input is always connected to port 2. The carrier solution and the carrier tubing to be
used for an analysis are specified in the QuikChem method.
Manifold The carrier stream exits the valve at port 3 and flows to the manifold.
Waste tubing When only one channel operates, the waste tubing is connected to port 5 on the injection
valve. When two or more channels operate simultaneously, port 5 of the first injection valve is
connected to port 6 of the second injection valve. Port 5 of the second injection valve is
connected to waste or to the next valve in the series. The connection between ports 5 and
6 have 15 cm Teflon
®
tubing 0.8 mm ID.
Inject position
At the inject position, the carrier flows through the sample loop to the manifold. When the valve
moves to the load position, some of the carrier is caught in the sample loop. The carrier that is
caught in the sample loop at the inject position is moved out to waste by the sample stream. The
sample stream moves through the sample loop and goes to waste.
When the valve is back in the inject position, the carrier stream flows to port 2, then to port 1 and
through the sample loop. The carrier moves the sample out through port 3 and to the manifold. The
sample stream goes in port 6 and out of port 5 to waste. Refer to Figure 9.
Figure 9 Inject position
1 Waste tubing/next valve 4 Carrier line in
2 Sample in from sampler or adjacent valve 5 Flow to manifold
3 Sample loop
Load position
At the load position, the sample loop is filled with sample. When the valve moves back to the inject
position, the sample that flows through the sample loop is caught momentarily.
The sample volume can be calculated from the length and the inner diameter of the tubing used. The
sample is moved on the manifold by carrier for reaction and analysis. Refer to Figure 10.
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Figure 10 Load position
1 Waste tubing/next valve 4 Carrier tubing
2 Sample in from sampler or adjacent valve 5 Flow to manifold
3 Sample loop
Start up the system unit
Connect all the modules of the system to a power strip. Do not set the pump to on until the
instrument is ready to operate.
1. Set the power strip to on. Then set each individual module switch to on.
Note: A 6-second delay occurs from the power circuits for the instrument to start up. At this time, a beeping
sound is audible.
The sampler automatically completes an operation check. The probe moves over the wash bath
or directly above the wash reservoir. When the sampler is initialized through the sampler
configuration screen or when a run is started, the probe goes in the wash reservoir.
2. Look through the side panel on the system unit to see if the lamp is on. The lamp comes on in
about one minute. The delay lengthens for the life span of the lamp. The heater controllers shows
the current temperature of the blocks.
3. Start the software to make sure that the software is connected to the system unit. A dialog box
shows 'Connecting to System unit(s)'. If the setup was done, the dialog box goes away.
Note: If the connection is not made correctly, a dialog box shows a message that system unit A is not found.
Make the connections and click OK.
Prepare the instrument for analysis
When the system start up is done, prepare the instrument for analysis. Refer to Start up the system
unit on page 10.
1. Make sure to use a special detector for the analysis. A photometric detector module is necessary
for most QuikChem methods.
Note: The Ion Chromatography (IC) channel (optional) typically uses a conductivity module instead of a
photometric detector module.
2. Install the manifold on the channel that will do the analysis. For the manifold installation, refer to
the installation manual.
3. Make all the injection valve fluidic connections. Refer to Injection valve operation on page 8.
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4. Make all the flow cell fluidic connections to the detector.
5. Set all the pump tubes on the pump. The number of pump tubes varies from method to method,
but the sample tube and wash tube (for the sampler) must be used for analysis.
6. Flush deionized water through all the tubes to make sure that there are no leaks. When a column
is necessary (e.g., for a nitrate analysis or other method), make sure that the column is offline.
Remove the flow cell from the detector and look for leaks. If no leaks are found, put the reagents
online.
Note: Make sure to read the QuikChem method notes for the startup of specific methods.
7. Set the heater controller temperature in the Omnion software under the Analyte tab. Refer to the
QuikChem method for temperature settings. Refer to the online help for heater configuration
information.
8. If the system has a dilutor, install the diluent line E in the diluent (i.e., deionized water). Put the
empty test tubes in the empty tubes rack.
9. Pour the calibration standards in the standard vials. Pour some samples in the test tubes.
10. Open a 'run worksheet' or open a new worksheet. The information in the worksheet (standards
and samples) tells the instrument what analysis to do and starts the analysis. Refer to Calibrate
on page 13.
Operate the pump
To use new pump tubing for the first time, operate the pump 10 minutes to get constant flow rates.
Table 2 shows the functions of each button on the pump.
1. Put all the reagent tubing in the corresponding containers or deionized water.
2. Before a reagent is used, flush deionized water through all of the lines to find leaks.
3. If the manifold has a cadmium column, make sure that it is bypassed. Water and air will cause
damage to the cadmium column.
Note: For some methods, it is necessary to move some reagents first. For example, the TKN method has a
buffer solution that must flow first to prevent a white precipitate in the manifold tubing. Refer to the QuikChem
method for instructions.
Table 2 RP-150 pump button functions
Button Function
MIN Sets the pump speed to 4.
MAX Sets the speed to a maximum of 999. The button must be kept pushed to keep the
maximum speed.
Note: If this button is pushed too long, the pump will stop to prevent motor burn out.
NORMAL RUN Normal operation starts the pump and lets the remote control of the pump standby speed as
given by the Omnion software at the end of an operation or batch. The pump operates at the
shown speed. Normal speed is 35. Use the UP and DOWN arrows to change this setting.
If the Omnion software is set to Standby speed, the pump operates very slowly and the
display shows 'rc 3' (remote control speed 3).
MANUAL
RUN/STOP
Manual operation lets the pump override the remote control of the standby speed. This
button toggles between manual speed control and manual stop. If the pump operates, this
button always stops the pump. If the pump does not operate, this button still overrides the
remote control from the computer and runs the pump at the set speed.
The MANUAL RUN button is commonly used to make the pump go to the normal speed to
fill the tubing with reagents.
UP arrow Increases the pump speed setting. This button is not on in the MIN or MAX modes.
DOWN arrow Decreases the pump speed setting. This button is not on in the MIN or MAX modes.
Shut down the pump
Do the steps that follow to shut down the system after an operation and/or end of the day.
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1. Rinse the reagent lines with deionized water.
2. Push the MANUAL RUN/STOP button to stop the pump.
3. Set the green power switch or the power strip to off.
4. Release all the cartridges. If the pump tubes pushed down for more than a few minutes, it causes
the tubing to become flat and must be replaced.
5. Push on the cartridge holder until the pump tube cartridge is released from the pump. The pump
tube can stay on the cartridges. The tension lever has no effect on the pump tube when the
cartridge is not pushed down.
Prepare a universal dye
To examine the operation of the system, operate the tests with the universal dye instead of reagents.
Make sure that the universal dye that comes with the system has been diluted with the directions on
the label.
Note: The dye will not be found with the 880 nm filter.
Temperature controller
Refer to the Omnion software to set the heater properties with the operating temperature (set-point),
when to send the set-point to the heater element and post-run set-point. The temperature can be
seen real-time in the software and from the controller on the heater assembly. Refer to the Omnion
help file for more information.
Note: Always set the run and the post-run temperature in the Omnion software.
Prepare the dilutor
For systems that use the PDS200 dilutor, make sure to put the diluent line in the diluent (usually
deionized water). All triggered dilutions will be completed at the end of the tray run. All necessary
dilutions will be completed at the time the sample is in the tray run sequence.
Triggered dilutions: The instrument recognizes a sample that is over the concentration range of the
method. The default limit is 10% over the are of the highest concentration standard. Above this limit,
the dilutor automatically dilutes all over-range samples. This feature must be selected in the analyte
table in the Omnion software.
Requested dilutions: Set the dilution factor for a specific sample. This factor is specified by the Run
Worksheet. Refer to the Omnion help guide for more information.
Note: Requested dilutions can be used to make calibration standards from a stock standard. Make sure that the
tray includes all the calibration standards. Use the same cup number for all of them (e.g., cup 15). Put the stock
standard in that cup (e.g., 15). Show the dilution factor for each calibration standard accordingly.
The dilutor system uses an empty tubes rack to complete dilutions. The ASX-520 series sampler has
the fourth rack that is reserved for empty tubes.
Set the valve timing
Make sure that the valve timing is set correctly. Valve timing that is not correct can result in the
absence of peaks, presence of air spikes or very small inaccurate peaks. Set the cycle period
parameter as specified in the QuikChem method. When multiple methods are operated
simultaneously, use the longest cycle period in the QuikChem method. Do the steps that follow to
make sure that the valve timing is correct.
Note: The “Time to Valve” value of channels 2 and higher is measured from when the probe that reaches the dye,
through all previous sample loops until it arrives at port 6 of the channel. A “Time to Valve” value must be entered
for all channels that are used.
1. Put in the universal dye as the sample.
2. Look at the sample slug and record the amount of time for it to get through the test tube and to
port 6. Record the time when the sample probe goes in the test tube.
3. Record the time when the dye reaches port 6 at the valve that is measured. This time is called
"Time to Valve".
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Set the sampler timing
When possible, set the sampler timing at the values specified in the Lachat method. Do the steps
that follow when less sample is necessary for the analysis.
1. Decrease the sample period.
2. Examine the new Run Timing setting with dye. Refer to Prepare a universal dye on page 12.
If either of these conditions occur, the computer will show an error message:
The Sample Period plus Minimum Probe in Wash Period is longer than the Method Cycle
Period
The Load plus Injection Period is longer than the Method Cycle Period
Calibrate
After the manifold installation, refer to the QuikChem method for the calibration details.
1. Set the power to on. Make sure that all system components are set to on.
2. Open the Omnion software.
3. Open a run file.
4. Prepare the reagents.
5. Install the manifold.
6. Flush deionized water through the manifold.
7. Look for leaks on the system. If no leaks are found, operate the system with reagents.
8. Prepare the calibration standards.
9. Install the calibration standards and the samples on the sampler.
10. Prepare the concentration in Run properties>Samples.
11. Start the run with the calibration standards and samples.
12. After the analysis is complete, print/export the report. For print options, refer to the online help.
13. Start the shutdown procedure to rinse the system. Refer to Shut down the system on page 13.
Shut down the system
1. To use a manifold with a column, such as the cadmium column for nitrate, make the column
offline. Set the switching valve to the bypass position. If the manifold has a column, but does not
have a switching valve, set the pump power to off and replace the column with a piece of Teflon
tubing. Start the pump.
Note: Some methods make it necessary for some reagents (typically, the buffer) to be removed last. Look at
the QuikChem method for instructions.
2. Remove the reagent tubing from each reagent and rinse the tubing and glass weights. Keep the
lines and weights in rinse solutions.
3. If the QuikChem method recommends a rinse solution, install all reagent transmission tubing in
the solution and operate the pump for five minutes at standard speed.
Note: This is a critical step in the preventive maintenance of the manifolds.
4. Install the transmission tubing in deionized water and let the system rinse for 10 minutes at
standard speed.
5. If the manifold will not be used for more than three days or it is removed and kept in storage:
a. Remove the transmission tubing from the deionized water.
b. Use the pump to remove all liquid from the manifold.
6. Set the power to the pump to off. Release the pump tube cartridges.
7. Close all files on the computer.
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8. Set the power to the power strip to off.
Note: If a lower set-point temperature is not given in the software, the heater controller stays at the original set
temperature. If the method makes it necessary for a temperature higher than 60 ºC (140 ºF), lower the
temperature setting to 60 ºC (140 ºF) or less before power is removed from the system.
Troubleshooting
Do a pump test
Do the steps that follow to make sure that the pump speed is correct.
1. Use an accurate watch or chronometer to measure the time for the pump to make 10 revolutions.
2. Remove all pump cartridges from the pump. Look for the index marks as shown in Figure 11.
Index marks let the pump revolutions be counted. Manually move the rollers to find the index
mark on the roller mounting. If either mark is hard to read, make new index marks with a marker.
3. Attach a new green-green pump tubing. Make sure that the tension lever is set correctly at the
12 o'clock (vertical) position.
4. Set the pump power to on. Push NORMAL RUN. The display must show a speed of 35 to
continue this test. If the display shows anything else, refer to the installation manual.
5. Use an accurate watch or chronometer to measure the time for the pump to make 10 revolutions.
Make sure the time is 50 seconds ±1 second.
6. If the recorded time is less than 49 seconds or more than 51 seconds, contact technical support
or a local sales representative for assistance.
Figure 11 Index marks on the pump
1 Index mark that turns with the rollers 2 Stationary index mark
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Table des matières
Généralités à la page 15 Etalonnage à la page 26
Logiciel Omnion installé à la page 16 Mise hors tension du système à la page 26
Fonctionnement à la page 16 Dépannage à la page 26
Généralités
En aucun cas le constructeur ne saurait être responsable des dommages directs, indirects, spéciaux,
accessoires ou consécutifs résultant d'un défaut ou d'une omission dans ce manuel. Le constructeur
se réserve le droit d'apporter des modifications à ce manuel et aux produits décrits à tout moment,
sans avertissement ni obligation. Les éditions révisées se trouvent sur le site Internet du fabricant.
Consignes de sécurité
A V I S
Le fabricant décline toute responsabilité quant aux dégâts liés à une application ou un usage inappropriés de ce
produit, y compris, sans toutefois s'y limiter, des dommages directs ou indirects, ainsi que des dommages
consécutifs, et rejette toute responsabilité quant à ces dommages dans la mesure où la loi applicable le permet.
L'utilisateur est seul responsable de la vérification des risques d'application critiques et de la mise en place de
mécanismes de protection des processus en cas de défaillance de l'équipement.
Veuillez lire l'ensemble du manuel avant le déballage, la configuration ou la mise en fonctionnement
de cet appareil. Respectez toutes les déclarations de prudence et d'attention. Le non-respect de
cette procédure peut conduire à des blessures graves de l'opérateur ou à des dégâts sur le matériel.
Assurez-vous que la protection fournie avec cet appareil n'est pas défaillante. N'utilisez ni n'installez
cet appareil d'une façon différente de celle décrite dans ce manuel.
Interprétation des indications de risques
D A N G E R
Indique une situation de danger potentiel ou imminent qui, si elle n'est pas évitée, entraîne des blessures graves,
voire mortelles.
A V E R T I S S E M E N T
Indique une situation de danger potentiel ou imminent qui, si elle n'est pas évitée, peut entraîner des blessures
graves, voire mortelles.
A T T E N T I O N
Indique une situation de danger potentiel qui peut entraîner des blessures mineures ou légères.
A V I S
Indique une situation qui, si elle n'est pas évitée, peut occasionner l'endommagement du matériel. Informations
nécessitant une attention particulière.
Etiquettes de mise en garde
Lisez toutes les informations et toutes les étiquettes apposées sur l’appareil. Des personnes peuvent
se blesser et le matériel peut être endommagé si ces instructions ne sont pas respectées. Un
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symbole sur l'appareil est référencé dans le manuel et accompagné d'une déclaration de mise en
garde.
Si l'appareil comporte ce symbole, reportez-vous au manuel d'utilisation pour consulter les
informations de fonctionnement et de sécurité.
Le matériel électrique portant ce symbole ne doit pas être mis au rebut dans les réseaux domestiques
ou publics européens. Retournez le matériel usé ou en fin de vie au fabricant pour une mise au rebut
sans frais pour l'utilisateur.
Ce symbole indique qu'il existe un risque de choc électrique et/ou d'électrocution.
Ce symbole indique la nécessité de porter des lunettes de protection.
Ce symbole indique que l’élément signalé peut être chaud et que des précautions doivent être prises
avant de le toucher.
Ce symbole, sil figure sur le produit, indique l’emplacement d’un fusible ou d'un dispositif limiteur de
courant.
Ce symbole signale que l’objet est lourd.
Logiciel Omnion installé
L'instrument fonctionne avec le logiciel Omnion installé sur l'ordinateur. Pour en savoir plus,
reportez-vous à la documentation de Omnion.
Fonctionnement
Vue d'ensemble du fonctionnement
A V E R T I S S E M E N T
Risque d'exposition chimique. Respectez les procédures de sécurité du laboratoire et portez tous les
équipements de protection personnelle adaptés aux produits chimiques que vous manipulez. Consultez
les fiches de données de sécurité (MSDS/SDS) à jour pour connaître les protocoles de sécurité
applicables.
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A V E R T I S S E M E N T
Risque d’incendie. L'utilisateur doit s'assurer de prendre les précautions nécessaires lors de l'utilisation
de l'équipement avec des méthodes impliquant des liquides inflammables. Veillez à respecter les
précautions d'utilisation et les protocoles de sécurité adéquats. Cela inclut, sans y être limité, le
contrôle de tout déversement et de toute fuite, une ventilation appropriée, une utilisation contrôlée et la
surveillance continue de l'instrument lorsqu'il est sous tension.
Le système QuikChem
®
automatise des déterminations chimiques humides utilisant le principe de
l'analyse d'injection en écoulement. La pompe extrait l'échantillon de l'échantillonneur et envoie
l'échantillon à la valve d'injection. Parallèlement, des réactifs sont continuellement acheminés dans
le système. L'échantillon est chargé dans la boucle d'échantillon d'une ou de plusieurs valves
d'injection. La valve d'injection connecte ensuite la boucle d'échantillon en correspondance avec le
flux de la solution conductrice. Ceci a pour conséquence de chasser l'échantillon de la boucle
d'échantillon et de l'amener vers le collecteur.
L'échantillon et les réactifs se mélangent alors dans le collecteur (module de réaction) où
l'échantillon peut être dilué, concentré, dialysé, extrait, incubé et transformé en produits dérivés. Le
mélange se fait au niveau du tube mince principal dans des conditions d'écoulement laminaire. Pour
chaque méthode, les paramètres de fonctionnement sont optimisés pour atteindre un débit élevé
d'échantillon, une haute précision et une grande exactitude. Les pics de l'analyse d'injection en
écoulement sont transitoires, ils reflètent les conditions en régime variable normalement utilisées.
Dans une analyse d'injection en écoulement, il n'y a en général pas d'équilibre.
Diagramme et symboles du collecteur
Figure 1 montre un exemple de diagramme de collecteur pour l'analyseur. Le diagramme de
collecteur peut indiquer une boucle de contre-pression. Pour plus d'informations, consultez le manuel
de maintenance et de dépannage.
Figure 1 Diagramme de collecteur
1 Echantillon (vert) 7 Raccordement du réactif au collecteur
2 Solution conductrice 8 Rinçage de sonde
3 Débit de pompe 9 Cellule d'écoulement
4 Nettoyage de la sonde 10 A la ligne d'évacuation
5 Réactif 11 Vers le port 6 de la valve suivante ou vers la ligne
d'évacuation
6 Réactif 12 Pompe
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Symbole de bobine de mélange
Le nombre à côté du symbole de bobine de mélange indique la longueur du support de bobine. La
longueur du support de bobine est mesurée de trou à trou. Les bobines de mélange sont en général
composées d'un tube en Teflon de 0,8 mm D.I. qui s'enroule autour du support de bobine. La
longueur du tube en Teflon à enrouler autour du support de bobine est spécifiée dans la méthode
QuikChem. Voir Figure 2.
Figure 2 Symbole de bobine de mélange
Symboles de valve d'injection
Voir Figure 3. La valve d'injection est située sur le côté gauche de chaque canal de l'unité de
système. Les numéros autour de l'hexagone indiquent les six ports de la valve. Le symbole en
zigzag ou le symbole de bobine indiquent les boucles d'échantillon. Le tube de boucle d'échantillon
est connecté entre les ports 1 et 4. La longueur de ce tube est spécifiée dans le diagramme du
collecteur. Consultez la méthode QuikChem. Les lignes sortant de l'hexagone représentent le tube
en Teflon connecté aux ports de la valve.
Figure 3 Symboles de valve d'injection
1 Primaire 2 Secondaire
Pompe et symboles d'écoulement de pompe
Figure 4 représente la pompe à réactif. La flèche supérieure indique le sens d'écoulement de pompe.
La ligne en dessous indique la ligne d'eau de rinçage reliée au réservoir de lavage dans
l'échantillonneur. La ligne de lavage est raccordée au raccord inférieur du réservoir de lavage.
18
Français
Figure 4 Pompe et symboles d'écoulement de pompe
1 Echantillon (vert ou violet) 4 Vers le remplissage du bain de lavage
2 Solution conductrice 5 Réactif couleur
3 Du tube de la pompe à eau 6 Tube de pompe (couleur)
Représentation de la ligne de réactif
Les réactifs et les lignes d'échantillon sont indiqués par une ligne droite traversant le rectangle. Voir
Figure 5. La couleur spécifiée est la couleur des languettes de tube de pompe à utiliser pour cette
ligne. Tous les tubes de pompe ont des onglets de couleur différente sur chaque côté pour indiquer
le diamètre interne du tuyau en question. Les tubes de réactif ont une étiquette indiquant la solution
qui les traverse. Le tube de solution conductrice est toujours connecté au port 2 de la valve. Le tube
d'échantillon est toujours connecté au port 6 de la valve.
Figure 5 Représentation de la ligne de réactif
1 Echantillon (vert) 3 Tube de pompe (couleur)
2 Solution conductrice 4 Réactif couleur
Symbole de raccord en T
Chaque intersection de deux tubes de réactifs présente un raccord en T. Voir Figure 6. Les raccords
en T combinent deux réactifs. Le raccord en T est composé de trois ports. Deux ports latéraux
(arrivées) sont connectés à deux tuyaux de réactif. Le port supérieur (sortie) peut être connecté à
une bobine de mélange ou à un élément indiqué dans le diagramme du collecteur.
Français
19
Figure 6 Symboles de raccord en T
1 Raccord en T 3 Symbole alternatif
2 Symbole de raccord en T
Symbole du bloc chauffant
Figure 7 indique qu'un bloc chauffant est monté sur l'unité de système. Réglez l'élément chauffant à
la température spécifiée dans le diagramme (60 °C dans l'exemple). La méthode QuikChem indique
la longueur de tube à enrouler autour du bloc chauffant.
Figure 7 Symboles du bloc chauffant
Fonctionnement de la valve d'injection
La valve se compose d'un stator et d'un rotor. Voir Figure 8. Le rotor présente trois voies. Le liquide
se déplace dans les voies. L'alignement des voies avec les ports sur le stator régule la direction de la
circulation du fluide dans la valve. Voir Tableau 1 pour les ports sur la valve d'injection à six ports. La
valve d'injection présente deux positions : injection et charge. Voir Position d'injection à la page 21
et Position de charge à la page 22. La valve se déplace de façon bidirectionnelle entre ces deux
positions. Lorsque le système n'est pas en fonction, les valves restent en position d'injection.
Figure 8 Stator et rotor
1 Stator 2 rotor
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Hach QuikChem 8500 2 Series Operations

Taper
Operations

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