10
heater or sources of high humidity such
as a nebulizer or kettle as this may
cause it to cease to operate correctly.
Caution: Keep the device away from
sunlight, as long-term exposure to
sunlight may affect the rubber causing
it to become less elastic and crack.
Caution: Keep the device away from
lint and dust, as long-term exposure to
lint or dust may affect the sockets or
cause the battery connector to develop
a bad contact.
Caution: Temperature & Relative
Humidity of storage: -25°C to +70°C, up
to 93% R.H. Temperature & Relative
Humidity of transportation: -25°C to
+70°C, up to 93% R.H.
Caution: There are no serviceable user
parts. Do not attempt to open or modify
the TENS unit. This may affect the safe
operation of the unit and will invalidate
the warranty.
6. INFORMATION ABOUT
THE PROGRAMME
SETTINGS
The Frequency and Pulse Width
settings can be adjusted which allow for
different sensations through the
electrode pads and suppress pain in
different ways.
• Frequency (measured in Hz -
pulses per second)
PAIN GATE: A high frequency of 110
Hz is good at blocking pain signals.
ENDORPHINE RELEASE: A low
frequency of 4 or 10 Hz allows for the
release of endorphins, the body’s
natural morphine-like substances.
• Pulse Width (measured in μs -
millionths of a second)
The TENS One unit has pulse widths of
50 to 250 μs. Generally speaking, the
higher the pulse width, the more
"aggressive" the stimulation feels, and
eventually, if the pulse width is set high
enough, it will usually elicit a muscle
contraction, which is typically not the
desired result with a TENS unit.
However, if the pulse width is too low,
the patient may not perceive the
stimulation. Pulse Rate is important
because different frequency settings
target different nerve groups and the
setting will determine if the "Gate
Theory" or "Endorphin Theory" of TENS
will be used.
• Constant and Burst Modes
Constant mode is when the sensation is
continuous versus Burst mode when
the sensation, as its name implies, is
one of on and off. Constant mode is
often used for acute pain via Pain Gate
Effect whereas Burst mode is useful in
chronic pain relief. Burst gives a
combination of Pain Gate and
Endorphin Release, but the squeezing
feeling may not be as comfortable. The
sensation in Burst is more of a
‘grabbing’, ‘clawing’ type and usually
more by way of muscle twitching than
with the high or low frequency modes.
The stimulation intensity will need to be
relatively high. In Constant mode, the
sensation is continuous and is more of
a tingling pins and needles type.
• Modulation Mode
Modulation is when either the
frequency or pulse width sweep across
range of settings. In modulation mode,
the machine delivers a less regular
pattern of TENS stimulation in an
attempt to reduce or minimise the